Toluene |108-88-3
Idatha yeMveliso yeMveliso:
| Igama lemveliso | Toluene |
| Iipropati | Ulwelo olungenambala olucacileyo olunevumba elimnandi elifana nebenzene |
| Indawo yokunyibilika(°C) | -94.9 |
| Indawo yokubilisa (°C) | 110.6 |
| Ukuxinana ngokuzalana (Amanzi=1) | 0.87 |
| Ubuninzi bomphunga ozalanayo (umoya=1) | 3.14 |
| Uxinzelelo lomphunga (kPa) | 3.8(25°C) |
| Ubushushu bokutsha (kJ/mol) | -3910.3 |
| Ubushushu obubalulekileyo (°C) | 318.6 |
| Uxinzelelo olunzima (MPa) | 4.11 |
| I-Octanol / i-coefficient yokwahlula kwamanzi | 2.73 |
| Indawo edanyazayo (°C) | 4 |
| Ubushushu bokutshisa (°C) | 480 |
| Umda wokudubula okuphezulu (%) | 7.1 |
| Umda wokudubula osezantsi (%) | 1.1 |
| Ukunyibilika | IInyibilika emanzini, ixubene nebenzene, utywala, iether kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ezininzi eziphilayo. |
Iinkcazelo Ngeempawu zeMveliso:
I-1.I-Oxidised kwi-benzoic acid ngama-oxidising agents anamandla afana ne-potassium permanganate, i-potassium dichromate kunye ne-nitric acid.I-asidi ye-Benzoic nayo ifunyenwe nge-oxidation ngomoya okanye i-oxygen phambi kwe-catalyst.I-Benzaldehyde ifunyenwe nge-oxidation kunye ne-manganese dioxide phambi kwe-sulfuric acid kwi-40 ° C okanye ngaphantsi.Ukusabela kokunciphisa okwenziwe nge-nickel okanye iplatinum ivelisa i-methylcyclohexane.I-toluene idibana ne-halogens yenze i-o- kunye ne-para-halogenated toluene isebenzisa i-aluminiyam trichloride okanye i-ferric chloride njengezixhasi.Ngaphantsi kobushushu kunye nokukhanya, isabela kunye ne-halogens ukwenza i-benzyl halide.Ukusabela nge-nitric acid kuvelisa i-o- kunye ne-para-nitrotoluene.Ukuba i-nitrified nge-acids edibeneyo (i-sulphuric acid + i-nitric acid) i-2,4-dinitrotoluene inokufumaneka;i-nitration eqhubekayo ivelisa i-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT).I-Sulfon ye-toluene ene-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo okanye i-asidi ye-sulfuric evuthayo ivelisa i-o- kunye ne-para-methylbenzenesulphonic acid.Ngaphantsi kwe-catalytic action ye-aluminium trichloride okanye i-boron trifluoride, i-toluene ifumana i-alkylation kunye ne-halogenated hydrocarbons, i-olefins, kunye ne-alcohols ukunika umxube we-alkyl toluene.I-Toluene iphendula nge-formaldehyde kunye ne-hydrochloric acid kwi-chloromethylation reaction ukuvelisa i-o- okanye i-para-methylbenzyl chloride.
2.Uzinzo: Izinzile
3.Izinto ezingavumelekanga:Sii-oxidants, iiasidi, iihalojeni
4.Ingozi yePolymerization:Non-pi-olymerization
Isicelo seMveliso:
I-1.Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-solvent ye-organic kunye ne-raw material kumayeza okwenziwa, ipeyinti, i-resin, i-dyestuff, iziqhushumbisi kunye ne-pesticide.
I-2.Toluene ingasetyenziswa njengento ekrwada ukuvelisa ibenzene kunye nezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali ezininzi.Njengepeyinti, i-varnishes, i-lacquers, i-adhesives kunye neshishini lokuvelisa i-inki kunye ne-thinner esetyenziswe ekuqulunqweni kwamanzi, i-resin solvents;Iikhemikhali kunye nezinyibilikisi zokwenza.Ikwayimathiriyeli ekrwada yokwenziwa kweekhemikhali.Ingaphinda isetyenziswe njengecandelo lokudibanisa kwipetroli ukunyusa i-octane, kunye ne-solvent yepeyinti, i-inks kunye ne-nitrocellulose.Ukongeza, i-toluene ine-solubility egqwesileyo ye-organic matter, yi-solvent ye-organic enoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa.Itoluene ilula ukwenza iklorine, ivelise ibenzene & mdash;ikloromethane okanye ibenzene trichloromethane, zizinyibilikisi ezilungileyo kushishino;kwakhona kulula ukwenza i-nitrate, ukuvelisa i-p-nitrotoluene okanye i-o-nitrotoluene, zizinto eziluhlaza zedayi;kwakhona kulula i-sulphonate, ukuvelisa i-o-toluenesulphonic acid okanye i-p-toluenesulphonic acid, zizinto eziphathekayo zokwenza idayi okanye ukuveliswa kwe-saccharine.Umphunga wetoluene uxutywa nomoya ukwenza izinto ezidubulayo, ngoko ke unokwenza iziqhushumbisi ze-TST.
3.I-arhente yokutshiza kumalungu ezityalo.Isetyenziswe ngobuninzi njenge-solvent kunye ne-additive to high-octane petroli.
I-4.Isetyenziswe njenge-reagent yokuhlalutya, njengama-solvents, i-extraction kunye ne-agent yokwahlula, i-reagents ye-chromatographic.Ikwasetyenziswa njengearhente yokucoca, kwaye isetyenziswa kwidayi, iziqholo, i-benzoic acid kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
I-5.Isetyenziswe ekubunjweni kwepetroli ene-doped kunye neyona nto iphambili yokuvelisa i-toluene derivatives, iziqhushumbisi, i-dayi intermediates, iziyobisi njalo njalo.
Amanqaku okuGcina iMveliso:
1.Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya.
2. Gcina kude nomlilo kunye nomthombo wobushushu.
3.Ubushushu bokugcina akufunekanga budlule kwi-37°C.
4. Gcina isitya sivaliwe.
5. Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidising agents, kwaye akufanele ixutywe.
6.Sebenzisa izibane ezingagqabhukiyo kunye nezixhobo zokungenisa umoya.
7.Vimbela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo ekulula ukuvelisa iintlantsi.
8.Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela.
