Benzeni | 71-43-2/174973-66-1/54682-86-9
Idatha yeMveliso yeMveliso:
| Igama lemveliso | Benzeni |
| Iipropati | Ulwelo olungenambala olucacileyo kunye nevumba elimnandi elimnandi |
| Indawo yokunyibilika(°C) | 5.5 |
| Indawo yokubilisa (°C) | 80.1 |
| Ukuxinana ngokuzalana (Amanzi=1) | 0.88 |
| Ubuninzi bomphunga ozalanayo (umoya=1) | 2.77 |
| Uxinzelelo lomphunga (kPa) | 9.95 |
| Ubushushu bokutsha (kJ/mol) | -3264.4 |
| Ubushushu obubalulekileyo (°C) | 289.5 |
| Uxinzelelo olunzima (MPa) | 4.92 |
| I-Octanol / i-coefficient yokwahlula kwamanzi | 2.15 |
| Indawo edanyazayo (°C) | -11 |
| Ubushushu bokutshisa (°C) | 560 |
| Umda wokudubula okuphezulu (%) | 8.0 |
| Umda wokudubula osezantsi (%) | 1.2 |
| Ukunyibilika | I-insoluble emanzini, i-soluble kwi-solvents ezininzi ze-organic ezifana ne-ethanol, i-ether, i-acetone, njl. |
Iimpawu zeMveliso:
I-1.Benzene yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezisisiseko ze-organic ekrwada kwaye imele ii-hydrocarbons ezinuka kamnandi. Inesakhiwo esizinzileyo samalungu amathandathu.
2.Ezona mpendulo zekhemikhali kukudibanisa, ukutshintshwa kunye nokuvula i-ring-opening reaction. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo kunye ne-nitric acid, kulula ukuvelisa i-nitrobenzene ngokuphendula ngokubuyisela. Isabela ngeasidi yesulfuric exubileyo okanye iasidi yesulfuric evuthayo yenze ibenzenesulfonic acid. Nge-metal halides ezifana ne-ferric chloride njenge-catalyst, ukusabela kwe-halogenation kwenzeka kubushushu obuphantsi ukuvelisa i-halogenated benzene. Nge-aluminium trichloride njenge-catalyst, i-alkylation reaction kunye ne-olefins kunye ne-halogenated hydrocarbons ukwenza i-alkylbenzene; i-acylation reaction kunye ne-asidi ye-anhydride kunye ne-acyl chloride ukwenza i-acylbenzene. Xa kukho i-vanadium oxide catalyst, i-benzene i-oxidised yi-oxygen okanye umoya ukuze yenze i-maleic anhydride. I-Benzene ishushu kwi-700 ° C ukuqhekeka kwenzeka, ivelisa i-carbon, i-hydrogen kunye nenani elincinci le-methane kunye ne-ethylene njalo njalo. Ukusebenzisa i-platinum kunye ne-nickel njenge-catalysts, i-hydrogenation reaction iqhutyelwa ukuvelisa i-cyclohexane. Nge-zinc chloride njenge-catalyst, i-chloromethylation reaction kunye ne-formaldehyde kunye ne-hydrogen chloride ukuvelisa i-benzyl chloride. Kodwa umsesane we-benzene uzinzile ngakumbi, umzekelo, kunye ne-nitric acid, i-potassium permanganate, i-dichromate kunye nezinye i-oxidants musa ukuphendula.
3.Inepropathi ephezulu yereferensi kunye nencasa enevumba elimnandi, enokutsha kunye netyhefu. Ixutywe ne-ethanol, i-ether, i-acetone, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-carbon disulfide kunye ne-acetic acid, i-soluble kancinane emanzini. Ayina ntsholongwane kwisinyithi, kodwa inqanaba elisezantsi lebenzene eliqulethe ukungcola kwesulfure kubhedu kunye nezinye iintsimbi zinefuthe elibonakalayo lokutya. I-benzene yolwelo inesiphumo sokuthoba, inokufunxwa lusu kunye netyhefu, ngoko ke kufuneka uphephe ukudibana nolusu.
4.Umphunga kunye nomoya ukwenza imixube eqhumayo, umda wokuqhuma kwe-1.5% -8.0% (umthamo).
5.Uzinzo: Izinzile
6.Izinto ezingavumelekanga:Sii-oxidants ezinamandla, iiasidi, iihalogens
7.Ingozi yePolymerization:Non-pi-olymerization
Isicelo seMveliso:
Iikhemikhali ezisisiseko zemathiriyeli ekrwada, ezisetyenziswa njengezinyibilikisi kunye nezinto eziphuma kwi-benzene zokwenziwa, iziqholo, iidayi, iiplastiki, amayeza, iziqhushumbisi, irabha, njl.
Amanqaku okuGcina iMveliso:
1.Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya.
2. Gcina kude nomlilo kunye nomthombo wobushushu.
3.Ubushushu bokugcina akufunekanga budlule kwi-37°C.
4. Gcina isitya sivaliwe.
5. Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidising agents, kwaye akufanele ixutywe.
6.Sebenzisa izibane ezingagqabhukiyo kunye nezixhobo zokungenisa umoya.
7.Vimbela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo ekulula ukuvelisa iintlantsi.
8.Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela.
