Glycerin | 56-81-5
Idatha yeMveliso yeMveliso:
| Igama lemveliso | IGlycerin |
| Iipropati | Ulwelo lwe-viscous olungenambala, olungenavumba nencasa eswiti |
| Indawo yokunyibilika(°C) | 290 (101.3KPa); 182(266KPa) |
| Indawo yokubila(°C) | 20 |
| Uxinzelelo olunxulumeneyo (20°C) | 1.2613 |
| Ubuninzi bomphunga ozalanayo (umoya=1) | 3.1 |
| Ubushushu obubalulekileyo (°C) | 576.85 |
| Uxinzelelo olunzima (MPa) | 7.5 |
| Isalathiso sokuqhambuka (n20/D) | 1.474 |
| Viscosity (MPa20/D) | 6.38 |
| Indawo yoMlilo (°C) | 523(PT); 429(Iglasi) |
| Indawo edanyazayo (°C) | 177 |
| Ukunyibilika | inokufunxa ihydrogen sulfide, ihydrocyanic acid, sulfur dioxide. Iyakwazi ukuxutywa ngamanzi, i-ethanol, inxalenye ye-1 yemveliso inokuchithwa kwiindawo ezili-11 ze-ethyl acetate, malunga neengxenye ze-500 ze-ether, ezingaxutywanga kwi-benzene, i-carbon disulfide, i-trichloromethane, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-petroleum ether, i-chloroform, ioli. Ukuchithwa ngokulula, ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi ukwenza i-bis-glycerol kunye ne-polyglycerol, njl. Ukuqina kwi-0 ° C, ukwenza iikristale ze-rhombohedral kunye ne-glitter. Ukwenziwa kwepolymerization kwenzeka kubushushu obumalunga ne-150°C. Ayinakudibaniswa ne-anhydride acetic anhydride, i-potassium permanganate, i-acids eqinile, i-corrosives, i-amines enamafutha, i-isocyanates, i-oxidising agents. |
Ingcaciso yeMveliso:
IGlycerin, eyaziwa njenge glycerol ngokwemigangatho yesizwe, ayinambala, ayinavumba, iswiti-ivumbai-organic substance enenkangeleko yolwelo lwe-viscous olucacileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-glycerol. IGlycerol, inokufunxa ukufuma emoyeni, kodwa ikwafunxa ihydrogen sulfide, ihydrogen cyanide kunye nesulfure dioxide.
Iipropati zeMveliso kunye noZinzo:
1.I-Colorless, i-transparent, i-odorless, i-viscous liquid kunye nencasa emnandi kunye ne-hygroscopicity. I-Miscible ngamanzi kunye ne-alcohols, i-amines, i-phenols nayiphi na imilinganiselo, isisombululo esinamanzi singathathi hlangothi. Inyibilika kumaxesha ali-11 ethyl acetate, malunga namaxesha angama-500 ether. Ayinyibiliki kwibenzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ethers, oils, fatty chain ende. Inokutsha, inokubangela ukutsha kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo xa idibana neearhente ezinamandla ze-oxidizing ezifana ne-chromium dioxide kunye ne-potassium chlorate. Ikwasisinyibilikisi esilungileyo kwiityuwa ezininzi kunye neegesi ezingaphiliyo. I-non-corrosive to metals, inokuthi ifakwe kwi-acrolein xa isetyenziswe njenge-solvent.
2. Iimpawu zeChemical: i-esterification reaction kunye ne-asidi, efana ne-benzene dicarboxylic acid esterification ukwenza i-alkyd resin. Ukusabela kwe-Transesterification kunye ne-ester. Idibana nehydrogen chloride yenze iziselo ezinxilisayo. I-Glycerol dehydration ineendlela ezimbini: ukuchithwa kwe-intermolecular ukufumana i-diglycerol kunye ne-polyglycerol; Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ukuze ufumane i-acrolein. I-Glycerol iphendula kunye neziseko zenza izinxila. Ukusabela nge-aldehydes kunye neeketoni kuvelisa i-acetals kunye ne-ketones. I-oxidation nge-dilute nitric acid ivelisa i-glyceraldehyde kunye ne-dihydroxyacetone; i-oxidation kunye ne-periodic acid ivelisa i-asidi ye-formic kunye ne-formaldehyde. Ngee-oxidants ezinamandla ezifana ne-chromic anhydride, i-potassium chlorate okanye ukudibana kwe-potassium permanganate, kunokubangela ukutsha okanye ukuqhuma. I-Glycerol inokudlala indima ye-nitrification kunye ne-acetylation.
3.Non-ityhefu. Nokuba isixa esipheleleyo sokusela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100g yesisombululo se-dilute ayinabungozi, emzimbeni emva kwe-hydrolysis kunye ne-oxidation kwaye ibe ngumthombo wezondlo. Kwiimvavanyo zezilwanyana, inefuthe elifanayo le-anesthesia njengotywala xa lenziwe ukusela isixa esikhulu kakhulu.
4.Ikho kwicuba lokubhaka, icuba elineembambo ezimhlophe, icuba lezinongo, kunye nomsi wecuba.
I-5.Ivela ngokwemvelo kwicuba, ibhiya, iwayini, i-cocoa.
Isicelo seMveliso:
1. Ishishini le-resin: lisetyenziswa ekwenzeni i-alkyd resin kunye ne-epoxy resin.
2. Ishishini lokugquma: lisetyenziswe kwishishini lokugubungela ukwenza i-alkyd resins eyahlukeneyo, i-polyester resins, i-glycidyl ethers kunye ne-epoxy resins, njl.
3. I-textile kunye noshicilelo kunye neshishini lokudaya: esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-lubricant, i-absorber yokufuma, i-ejenti yonyango yokushwabana kwelaphu lokushwabana, i-ejenti yokusabalalisa kunye ne-ejenti yokungena.
Iindlela zokuGcina iMveliso:
1. Gcina kwindawo ecocekileyo neyomileyo, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwindawo yokugcina evaliweyo. Nika ingqalelo kubungqina bokufuma, ubungqina bamanzi, i-exothermic, ukuthintela ngokungqongqo ukuxuba kunye nee-oxidants ezinamandla. Inokugcinwa kwi-tin-plated okanye kwi-stainless steel containers.
2. Ipakishwe kwiidramu ze-aluminium okanye i-galvanized iron drums okanye igcinwe kwiitanki ezifakwe kwi-phenolic resin. Kufuneka ikhuselwe kumswakama, ubushushu kunye namanzi ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha. Akuvumelekanga ukubeka i-glycerol kunye ne-oxidising agents eqinile (umz. i-nitric acid, i-potassium permanganate, njl.). Kufuneka igcinwe kwaye ihanjiswe ngokwemigaqo yeekhemikhali ezinokutsha ngokubanzi.
Amanqaku okuGcina iMveliso:
1.Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya.
2. Gcina kude nomlilo kunye nomthombo wobushushu.
3. Gcina isitya sivaliwe.
4.Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidising agents, i-agent yokunciphisa, i-alkali kunye neekhemikhali ezidliwayo, musa ukuxuba ukugcinwa.
5.Ixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zokucima umlilo.
6.Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotywe ngokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela.
